Icyitegererezo Kirahari — Kuki Utagisanga?——Urukurikirane rw'ibibazo bibazwa kuri YINK — Igice cya 15
"Nzi ko iyi modoka iri muri database. Kuki ntayibona?"
Urebye bwa mbere, bishobora gusa nkaho amakuru y'imodoka yabuze.
Ariko, akenshi ikibazo si ububiko bw'amakuru ubwabwo. Ikibazo gikunze guterwa no kudasobanukirwa neza uburyo amakuru y'imodoka ategurwa muri sisitemu.
Imbonerahamwe z'imodoka ntizihora zigaragara nk'uko abakoresha babyiteze. Ibirango, imyaka y'imashini, n'ibihe by'imodoka akenshi bikurikiza amategeko yihariye. Niba utazi ayo mategeko, biroroshye gutekereza ko imashini itabaho mu gihe isanzwe ihari.
Impamvu ibisubizo by'ishakisha ry'imodoka rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera urujijo
Iyo abantu benshi bashaka imodoka, baba biteze ko iyo gahunda ikora nk'iy'umushakisha.
Binjiye mu kirango, bagashaka umwaka, kandi biteze ko buri verisiyo y'imodoka izahita igaragara.
Ububiko bw'amakuru bw'imodoka ntabwo bukora muri ubwo buryo.
Kugira ngo ububiko bw'amakuru bukomeze gutunganywa kandi hirindwe ibishushanyo mbonera nk'ibi, abakora ibikoresho n'imyaka y'icyitegererezo akenshi bishyirwa mu matsinda hakurikijwe imiterere y'umubiri n'ikorwa ry'ibinyabiziga.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, imodoka ishobora kuba yamaze kuboneka, ariko ntabwo byanze bikunze igaragara munsi y'umwaka nyawo umukoresha yiteze.
Ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane cyane mu bakoresha bashya bagitangira kwiga uburyo amakuru y’imodoka ashyirwa mu byiciro.
Mbere yo gufata ko icyitegererezo kibuze, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi.
Tangira ukoresheje uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ikirango
Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kugenzura ni ikirango cy'imodoka.
Ibi bisa n'ibyoroshye, ariko ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutuma abakoresha bananirwa kubona imodoka.
Hari igihe umuntu ukoze ibicuruzwa bitari byo ahitamo.
Hari igihe hatorwa izina ry'ikirango risa n'iryo.
Mu bindi bihe, ikirango gishobora kugaragara mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwo byari byitezwe.
Iyo guhitamo ikirango atari byo, icyitegererezo cy’ikirango ntikizigera kigaragara mu bisubizo by’ishakisha, uko umwaka cyangwa verisiyo y’imodoka byatoranyijwe byaba biri kose.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, tangira wemeze uwakoze ikintu mbere yo kujya ku ntambwe ikurikira.
Gushakisha neza bitangirira ku guhitamo ikirango gikwiye.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo imyaka y'icyitegererezo ikora
Indi mpamvu ikunze gutera urujijo ni umwaka w'icyitegererezo.
Abakoresha benshi biteze ko buri mwaka bazagaragara ukwabo.
Urugero:
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Ariko, ububiko bw'amakuru bw'imodoka bukunze kuba butandukanye.
Iyo uruganda rukora ibintu rugumana imiterere imwe mu myaka myinshi, nta mpamvu yo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye buri mwaka.
Ahubwo, sisitemu ishobora kwerekana umwaka wa mbere w'icyo gisekuru gusa.
Urugero, niba imiterere y'inyuma y'ikinyabiziga idahindutse kuva mu 2018 kugeza mu 2022, ububiko bw'amakuru bushobora kwerekana gusa umwaka wa 2018.
Guhitamo uwo mwaka bitanga uburenganzira bwo kubona ibishushanyo mbonera bihuye n'ibyavuye mu gisekuru cyose.
Ibi ntibivuze ko imyaka ya nyuma ibura.
Bivuze gusa ko iyo myaka ihuje imiterere, bityo igakoresha icyitegererezo kimwe.
Itegeko ryo Gutunganya Isura Abakoresha benshi ntibarishimira
Kugira ngo wumve impamvu imyaka imwe igaragara ukwayo mu gihe indi itagaragara ukwayo, birafasha gusobanukirwa uburyo imodoka zikora neza.
Guhindura imiterere y'imodoka bibaho iyo uruganda ruvuguruye igice cy'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imodoka ariko rugakomeza kuba rumwe.
Impinduka zisanzwe zo kuvugurura imiterere y'isura zirimo:
→ Amatara mashya y'imbere
→ Inzu y'imbere yahinduwe bundi bushya
→ Imiterere ivuguruye y'inyuma
→ Guhindura urugi cyangwa igice cy'umubiri
Iyo izi mpinduka zigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibice by'imodoka, hashobora kuba hakenewe ibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye.
Muri ibyo bihe, sisitemu ikora verisiyo nshya muri database.
Ariko, iyo imodoka nta mpinduka zifatika ibona inyuma, ubusanzwe nta mpamvu yo gukora icyitegererezo cyihariye.
Ingaruka zabyo ni uko imyaka myinshi ishobora gukomeza gusangira icyerekezo kimwe.
Iyi niyo mpamvu imodoka zimwe na zimwe zifite ubwoko bwinshi mu gihe izindi zigaragaza umwaka umwe gusa zikora ingendo nini cyane.
Urutonde Rworoshye rw'igenzura mbere yo gutanga raporo ku icyitegererezo cyabuze
Mbere yo kuvugana n'abashinzwe ubufasha ku bijyanye n'imodoka yabuze, ni byiza gusuzuma urutonde rw'ibintu byihutirwa.
Ubwa mbere, menya neza ko ikirango gikwiye cyatoranyijwe.
Icya kabiri, genzura niba imodoka ari iy'abantu bamara imyaka myinshi.
Icya gatatu, reba niba umwaka watoranijwe ari wo koko watangiye icyo gisekuru.
Hanyuma, menya niba imodoka yarahinduwe cyangwa yahinduwe cyane inyuma.
Kenshi na kenshi, kimwe muri ibyo bipimo gihita gisobanura impamvu imodoka isa nkaho yabuze.
Igitangira bisa nkaho amakuru abura akenshi ni ukudasobanukirwa neza uburyo ibisekuruza by'imodoka n'ibishushanyo mbonera bitegurwa.
Umwanzuro
Ibibazo byinshi byo gushakisha imodoka ntibiterwa n'ibishushanyo mbonera bibura.
Akenshi biterwa no kutumvikana ku bijyanye no guhitamo ikirango, imyaka y'imideli, cyangwa ibisekuruza bishya.
Mbere yo gufata ko imodoka idashobora kuboneka, fata umwanya wo gusuzuma uburyo iyo moderi ishyirwa mu byiciro muri database.
Akenshi, icyitegererezo kiba kihari.
Igikuru ni ugusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kuyibona.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Kuki ntabona imodoka nzi ko iri muri database?
Impamvu zikunze kugaragara ni uguhitamo ibirango nabi, kudasobanukirwa neza imyaka y'imashini, cyangwa urujijo ku bijyanye n'ibihe by'imodoka.
Kuki sisitemu yerekana umwaka umwe gusa iyo imodoka yanjye ari nshya?
Niba imyaka myinshi ifite imiterere imwe y'umubiri, ububiko bw'amakuru bushobora kwerekana gusa umwaka wa mbere w'icyo gisekuru.
Guhindura imiterere y'isura ni iki, kandi kuki bigira ingaruka ku miterere?
Guhindura imiterere y'imodoka ni uburyo bwo kuvugurura imiterere y'imodoka buhindura ibice bimwe na bimwe by'imodoka cyangwa ibice byo hanze. Impinduka zikomeye mu miterere y'imodoka zishobora gusaba verisiyo nshya y'icyitegererezo muri database.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-25-2026
